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Glucose ATP synthesis refers to the process by which glucose is metabolized to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy currency of cells. Here is a summary of the process:

Glycolysis: The first step in glucose https://acquamedicalaesthetics.com/methylone-bridging-the-worlds-of-chemistry-and-psychoactivity/
metabolism is glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. This process generates a small amount of ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation and also produces NADH, which carries high-energy electrons.

Pyruvate Oxidation: In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate enters the mitochondria and undergoes oxidative decarboxylation. This step results in the formation of acetyl-CoA, which enters the next stage of glucose metabolism.

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): Acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, initiating the citric acid cycle. Through a series of enzymatic reactions, the citric acid cycle generates NADH and FADH2, which carry high-energy electrons. These electron carriers will be used in the next step.

Oxidative Phosphorylation: The final step in glucose ATP synthesis occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH and FADH2 donate their electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC), which consists of a series of protein complexes. As electrons pass through the ETC, energy is released and used to pump protons (H+) across the membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient. The flow of protons back across the membrane through ATP synthase drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation.